Understanding sociology as a discipline dedicated to the comprehension and analysis of diverse social interactions, this essay advocates for delving into a context of understanding that extends far beyond the superficial appearances of being and everyday life. From its origins and historical foundations with figures such as Auguste Comte and Henry de Saint-Simon, to reaching pioneers like Max Weber, who are considered the founding fathers of sociology, this field has undergone a continuous evolution. It has advanced to formulate insights from various perspectives, revealing the invisible threads that interconnect individuals, communities, and societies. This work presents the history, fundamental principles, and various social, economic, and political conditions that provide insight into the understanding of sociology, reflecting the vast diversity of thinkers and formulators who have contributed to its development. Through this exploration, the aim is to discern the diverse social dynamics that precede human actions, thoughts, and relationships, promoting a profound reflection on the human condition and society. The essay emphasizes the significant role played by key references, showcasing the rich tapestry of contributors who have shaped the evolution of sociology. In essence, this work seeks to unravel the intricate web of social interactions, fostering a nuanced understanding of the complexities inherent in human existence and societal structures.

El presente artículo se basa en un taller de geología desarrollado mediante una metodología de investigación documental y análisis crítico de información. El estudiante realizó una revisión de fuentes académicas y científicas para consolidar conocimientos sobre distintos aspectos de la geología, aplicándolos en la resolución de un cuestionario estructurado. El ejercicio inició con la caracterización de las eras geológicas, detallando sus principales características y eventos más representativos. Posteriormente, se identificaron los minerales más explotados en Colombia y su distribución geográfica a través de un mapa. En tercer lugar, se estudiaron las geoformas influenciadas por agentes morfogenéticos, explicando su origen y evolución. Se analizó también, la hipótesis de la deriva continental, exponiendo sus fundamentos científicos y las evidencias que la sustentan. Para terminar, se identificaron los principales sistemas de fallas geológicas activas en Colombia, describiendo sus características generales y representándolos en un mapa. Este proceso permitió al investigador desarrollar su capacidad de análisis geológico, interpretación cartográfica y comprensión de los procesos dinámicos de la Tierra, desarrollando habilidades analíticas en la recopilación y evaluación de información geo científica

El artículo "Mantaraya BF: El compuesto que cambia las reglas del juego en el mundo de las sustancias recreativas", escrito por Brahian Steveen Fierro Suarez, explora la conceptualización de una droga psicoactiva innovadora diseñada específicamente para fines recreativos. Mantaraya BF combina compuestos de alta potencia, como oximorfona, metilfenidato, zolpidem, 2C-B, selegilina y CBD, con el objetivo de ofrecer una experiencia multifacética que integra alivio del dolor, estimulación cognitiva, relajación y efectos sensoriales intensificados. El artículo detalla las propiedades químicas y farmacológicas de esta mezcla teórica, así como sus posibles aplicaciones recreativas y terapéuticas, destacando la necesidad de control y regulación estrictos debido a los riesgos potenciales, como la adicción y las interacciones adversas. Asimismo, reflexiona sobre los desafíos éticos y legales de desarrollar sustancias de este tipo, subrayando su impacto potencial en la sociedad y la salud pública. Mantaraya BF se presenta como una innovación conceptual que desafía los límites tradicionales de la farmacología recreativa.

ABSTRACT. The main focus of this digital control course is the study and evaluation of transfer functions in discrete systems, ensuring their stability through a series of structured activities across different stages. For this purpose, technological tools such as Matlab and Simulink were utilized, facilitating the analysis and development of the project. Among these activities, the dynamic behavior of closed-loop systems was analyzed using a direct current motor configured with the following parameters: Step time: 0, Initial value: 0, Final value: 0.15, and Sample time: 0.02. Subsequently, analytical studies were conducted on various types of controllers, comparing their results using specialized software like Simulink. The project included the design and implementation of digital filters, the development of controllers based on the root locus method, and the configuration of discrete PID controllers. After completing these stages, the acquired concepts were applied to simulate, graph, and analyze the different behaviors of PID responses using Simulink. Throughout the process, various questions arose regarding the design of digital filters and detailed analysis of methods such as the root locus, leading to a comprehensive understanding of discrete PID controllers. In the practical phase, a step response was simulated using specific time intervals: at t=0s, a step with an amplitude of 5 was applied; at t=5s, another step with an amplitude of 10 was introduced; and at t=12s, a step with an amplitude of -4 was implemented. These values were incorporated into Simulink to assess the stability of the control system.

Scientific methods, pivotal for objective knowledge acquisition, are explored in this article across diverse disciplines. Beginning with an overview of their characteristics, the article emphasizes their significance in generating objective knowledge, averting bias, and facilitating result replication. The narrative extends to underscore the role of these methods in cumulative scientific understanding. However, persistent challenges such as funding shortages, regulatory needs, and potential biases are acknowledged, highlighting the nuanced landscape of scientific research.

La Política Fiscal Según John Maynard Keynes Por Brahian Steveen Fierro Suarez