Among sexually transmitted infections (STIs), syphilis stands out for its silent and systemic nature. There are acquired (sexually transmitted) and congenital (mother-to-child) syphilis, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in syphilis cases in Brazil, especially among men, reflecting an epidemic scenario in the country. It may be related to different factors such as: unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, socioeconomic issues and failures in the implementation of sexual education and public health programs. The objective of this study is to identify the epidemiological patterns of acquired syphilis in Brazil between 2013 and 2023, analyzing the variation in notifications over time in different Brazilian states. Underreporting of syphilis underestimates the scale of the problem and hinders the planning of effective actions to control it. To mitigate this problem, it is essential to improve reporting systems, invest in training health professionals to ensure more accurate data collection, and promote educational campaigns that reach the most vulnerable populations.

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