Reticulated platelets are immature platelets circulating in blood; they reflect the activity of megakaryopoiesis in the bone marrow. Therefore, they can be used as a non-invasive test in patients with thrombocytopenia in various clinical conditions. Reticulated or immature platelet assays are useful for the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia and for monitoring bone marrow recovery afterchemotherapy or stem cell transplantation and several other clinical entities. The concentration of retPLT in bone marrow is on the average 2–3 times higher than in peripheral blood, where they correlate with megakaryocyte numbers. The platelets persist in the circulation for 7–10 days, retPLT have a much shorter lifespan ( < 1 day). Therefore they can act as a marker of megakaryopoietic activity in the bone marrow which gives retPLT clinical and diagnostic utility. This review provides an overview of the clinical conditions in which reticulated platelets or immature platelets can be considered as a diagnostic tool or prognostic tool. This overview also indicates that more research is needed before reticulated or immature platelet assays can be applied in other clinical conditions than thrombocytopenia and after transplantation.

Diabetes mellitus a chronic, progressive, metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia initially because of tissue insulin resistance and gradually progressing to complete loss of secretory activity of the beta cells of the pancreas, most frequently caused by impaired insulin secretion, resistance to tissue actions of insulin, or a combination of both. Study of hematological changes in diabetic patients along with complete blood count(CBC), hemogram derived novel markers including Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte ratio (MLR),Red cell distribution width-Review Article 2 Platelet ratio (RPR),Mean Platelet Volume to Lymphocyte Ratio (MPVLR) Platelet-Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) etc and its diagnostic and prognostic value in diabetes mellitus and its complications are reviewed in this literature review which may shed fresh light on developing new treatment plans on diabetic patients and help doctors in the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients with or without complications, helping with diabetes early diagnosis, and early detection of long-term complications in diabetes patients, which results in improving quality of life in diabetic patients.

Aim: Here in this study we are focusing on antibody titre level of different age groups, and discuss its importance in various clinical scenarios. Objectives: To find out the Anti A, Anti B titre levels in A, B and O blood group individuals, the pattern of titre level, and to look for any gender predominance and discuss clinical significance of antibody titre level in various aspects of transfusion. Method: The study were performed on a total of 300 blood samples received in Blood Bank at St. John's medical College Hospital, Bangalore for blood grouping and typing and donor samples received for cross matching. Samples were categorized into 4 groups.30 samples collected from the age group of 5 months to 1 year and 90 samples each collected from rest of following groups. 5-10 years, 20-25 years and 60-65 years. Result: In our study we concluded that the naturally occurring ABO antibodies begins to synthesize at the age of 5-6 months will reach its peak level by the age of 20-25 years and gradually decrease as the age advances. There is no significant difference in the levels of Anti A and Anti B levels of 'A' and 'B' group & Anti A, Anti B levels in 'O' group individuals. Titre levels of both the antibodies seem to show similar values in both the genders. Conclusion: Various transfusion requirements like, pregnancy, Incompatible transfusion due to unavailability of compatible group, plasma apheresis, plasma exchange, incompatible platelet transfusion, ABO incompatible organ transplantation require thorough monitoring of naturally occurring Antibodies, So we suggest that Compulsory antibody titration of all donors, especially O group donors (as they produce IgG type antibodies) should be done.

Clinical laboratory professionals form the backbone of modern health care system. Work stress affects the overall physical and mental wellbeing of clinical laboratory professionals and their productivity. Long term untreated stress can lead to complications including cardiovascular diseases, mental illness, and musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of the study was to assess the work stress among clinical laboratory professionals, evaluate the work stress coping strategies, and to assess how effectively they get support in dealing with stress with the help of stress management programmes. Methods: A total of 228 clinical laboratory professionals have taken part in the study. The study period was from 15 th April 2023-24 th April 2023. Snowball sampling technique was used where online survey questionnaire developed using The Workplace Stress Scale™ was shared and the data were analyzed. Two more questions were included in the study to know the coping strategies used by clinical laboratory professionals to manage work stress and how effectively work stress management workshops/programmes are used to monitor and resolve work stress and reduce or eliminate stress at the workplace. Results: Out of 228 participants, 43.85 % experienced fairly low stress to no stress whereas 39.47 % percentage of participants reported moderate stress and 16.66 % of the participant experienced severe stress out of which 2.19% had stress level which is potentially dangerous and should seek professional assistance which suggests that workplace stress is present among clinical laboratory professionals. Most of the participants in the study were females 164 (71.93%) 42.69% experienced fairly low to no stress,40.24% reported moderate stress,17.07% experienced severe stress including 1.22% having potentially dangerous stress. Out of 64 (28.07%) males, 46.88 % had fairly low to no stress,37.5% had moderate stress ,15.63% had severe stress out of which 4.69% had potentially dangerous stress levels. Interpretation and Conclusion: Employees need to develop coping mechanisms to reduce stress at work. Work stress coping strategies should be employed at management and individual levels to reduce the work-related stress. Organizations must conduct workshops on stress management, motivation, and education to assist clinical laboratory professionals in handling their work-related stress professionally.